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  Ethernet Frame format: The basic frame consists of seven elements as follows: Preamble (PRE)  - This is seven bytes long and it consists of a pattern of alternating ones and zeros, and this informs the receiving stations that a frame is starting as well as enabling synchronisation. (10 Mbps Ethernet) Start Of Frame delimiter (SOF) -  This consists of one byte and contains an alternating pattern of ones and zeros but ending in two ones. Destination Address (DA) -  This field contains the address of station for which the data is intended. The left most bit indicates whether the destination is an individual address or a group address. An individual address is denoted by a zero, while a one indicates a group address. The next bit into the DA indicates whether the address is globally administered, or local. If the address is globally administered the bit is a zero, and a one of it is locally administered. There are then 46 remaining bits. These are used for the destinat...

  Flow Control and Error Control     Flow Control: Flow control coordinates the amount of data that can be sent before receiving an acknowledgment and is one of the most important duties of the data link layer. In most protocols, flow control is a set of procedures that tells the sender how much data it can transmit before it must wait for an acknowledgment from the receiver. Any receiving device has a limited speed at which it can process incoming data and a limited amount of memory in which to store incoming data. The receiving device must be able to inform the sending device before those limits are reached and to request that the transmitting device send fewer frames or stop temporarily. Incoming data must be checked and processed before they can be used. The rate of such processing is often slower than the rate of transmission. For this reason, each receiving device has a block of memory, called a buffer, reserved for storing incoming data until they are processed. If...

 T rain Me Ladki K aise Pataye Main aapko yeh salah deta hoon ki aap kisi bhi public place, jaise train mein kisi anjaan ladki ko patane ki koshish na karein. Aisa karne se aap aur ladki dono ke liye hi uncomfortable situation create kar sakte hai aur aapke is koshish ko galat bhi mana jaa sakta hai. Iske bajaye, agar aap kisi ladki se train mein mulaqat karne chahte hai toh, aap niche diye gaye tarike istemaal kar sakte hai Train mein kisi saman ki madad kare: Agar aap kisi ladki ke saath baatcheet karna chahte hai toh, aap uski madad kar sakte hai. Aap unki luggage ya bag lekar madad kare ya phir unki help kar sakte hai. Books aur movies ke baare mein baat kare: Aap kisi ladki se baat karne ke liye uski hobbies aur interests ke baare mein puchh sakte hai. Uske baad aap uske pasandida books ya movies ke baare mein baatcheet kare. Apne safar ke baare mein baatcheet kare: Agar aap kisi ladki se baatcheet karna ...

  Explain the OSI Model ? The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a conceptual framework that describes the communication functions of a computer network. It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 to standardize communication protocols and ensure interoperability between different vendors' network products. The OSI Model is divided into seven layers, each representing a specific function of network communication. From top to bottom, the layers are: Application Layer: This layer represents the interface between the network and the user's applications. It includes protocols for services such as email, file transfer, and remote login. Presentation Layer: This layer is responsible for data representation and encryption. It ensures that data is properly formatted and translated between the sender and receiver. Session Layer: This layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications. It also provides error dete...

comparison between AC and DC welding AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) welding are two common welding methods used in various applications. Here are some key differences between the two: Power source: The power source used in AC welding is an AC generator or transformer, while DC welding uses a DC generator or rectifier. Polarity: AC welding can use either alternating current or reverse polarity, while DC welding can use either straight polarity or reverse polarity. Arc stability: AC welding tends to have a less stable arc due to the constantly changing polarity, while DC welding typically has a more stable arc. Electrode types: AC welding is better suited for electrodes that have a higher resistance to melting, such as aluminum, magnesium, and some types of cast iron. DC welding is better suited for lower resistance materials, such as mild steel. Penetration: DC welding typically provides deeper penetration into the metal being welded than AC welding. Welding speed:...

                   love kaise kare in English ? "Love kaise kare" is a common question that many people ask. Love is a complex and multifaceted emotion, and there are many different ways to experience and express it. Here are some general tips for developing a loving relationship with someone Be yourself: It's important to be genuine and authentic when you're getting to know someone. Trying to be someone you're not is not sustainable, and it can lead to a lack of trust and intimacy in the relationship. Communication: Communication is key in any relationship. Be open and honest with your partner, and listen to what they have to say. Make time to talk to each other regularly, and share your thoughts and feelings. Respect: Treat your partner with respect and kindness. Be supportive of their goals and aspirations, and don't belittle or criticize them. Spend time together: Make an effort to spend quality time together, whether i...